ESAY 4.1

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4.1 Properties of Minerals

V ocabulary

1.inorganic: - Not formed from living things or the remains of living things
2.crystal: - a solid in which the atoms are arranged in patterns that repeats again and again
3.element: - A form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Elements exist in nature as solids, liquids, or gases.
4.compound: - A pure and homogeneous substance consisting of atoms or ions of different elements in definite proportions, usually having properties unlike those of its constituent elements.
5.Moh's hardness scale: - 1-10 scale that tests the hardness of minerals
6.streak: - The color of a mineral in the powdered form.
7.luster: - Brightness and sheen of the rug fibers or yarns.
8.Cleavage: - A mineral which splits easily along flat surfaces.
9.fracture : - A way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way
10.mineral : -Minerals are natural compounds formed through geological processes.

Outline

Introduction

  • If you go to a museum, you might see a room called "Hall of minerals".
    • There you will see minerals or substances that you have never heard of.
      • I think that you also have never heard of "Sphalerite"

what is a mineral

  • Have you ever heard of Sphalerite and turquoise do there are just two more than 3,000 minerals which geologists have identified
    • Do you know that there are only 20 minerals that made up the earths crust.
      • These minerals that made up the earths crust are rock forming minerals.

Naturally occuring

  • A naturally occuring substance is known as a mineral.
    • Cement, brick, steel, and glass are not minerals because they are manufactured by plants.
      • Substances manufactured by people is not known as a mineral

Inorganic

  • It is not from livings things or remains of living things.
    • like coal forms naturally in the crust.
      • Plants manufacture coal so geologists do no classify coal as a mineral

Solid

  • A mineral with definite volume and shape is known as a solid
    • Substances that are solid are packed together so they cannot move

crystal strutcture

  • The partcles of mineral are line up in a pattern which repeats over and over again
    • With the help of a microscope the crystal structure of a mineral is visible.

Identifying minerals

  • Minerals which has their own properties help other people to identify that mineral.
    • Some minerals are like if see them you have the properties in your mind.
      • The color of the minerals also helps up to find information

Hardness

  • hardness is one of the best clues to find information
    • you can also use moh's hardness scale
      • Here it is
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        ronaldo_soccer.jpg

Color

  • The most easy observing property is color
    • It can be used some times if it has a different color
      • No minerals looks like the same

Streak

  • The powder of the mineral is known as streak.
    • you can observe a mineral rubbing it with a streak-plate

Luster

  • luster is a simple test to identify a mineral
    • Minerals which has metals are shiny.

Density

  • Two mineral samples of about the same size can be compared together
    • we can also fell the density between low density-quartz and high density-Galena
      • Here is the picture of galena

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ronaldo_sjpg.jpg

crystal system

  • The crsystals of each mineral grows atom by atom.
    • Crystal system has six sides
      • Crystal which grow in a open space can be formed perfectly

Cleavage and Fracture

  • if the mineral breaks it can be easy to identify it
    • some minerals have a property called as cleavage which means that it splits easily
      • Most of the mineral do not split.